Quebec City

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Extreme Weather

Sections

1. Types of Extreme Weather in Quebec City

A. Severe Snowstorms (Blizzards)

  • When: Common from late November to early April, with peak intensity in January and February.
  • Characteristics:
    • Heavy snowfall (can exceed 30 cm in a single storm).
    • Strong winds causing blowing snow and reduced visibility.
    • Temperatures often drop below -20ยฐC (-4ยฐF) during or after storms.
    • Risk of road closures and public transportation delays.

B. Ice Storms

  • When: Typically occur in late fall (November) or early spring (March-April).
  • Characteristics:
    • Freezing rain coats surfaces with a layer of ice.
    • Dangerous road and sidewalk conditions.
    • Potential for power outages due to ice accumulation on power lines and trees.

C. Extreme Cold (Cold Snaps)

  • When: Most common in January and February.
  • Characteristics:
    • Temperatures can plummet to -30ยฐC (-22ยฐF) or lower, with wind chills making it feel like -40ยฐC (-40ยฐF) or colder.
    • Risk of frostbite and hypothermia with prolonged exposure.

D. Heatwaves

  • When: Rare but possible in July and August.
  • Characteristics:
    • Temperatures can rise above 30ยฐC (86ยฐF), with high humidity making it feel hotter.
    • Risk of heat exhaustion or heatstroke, especially for vulnerable populations.

2. Costs Associated with Preparation or Prevention

Winter Weather (Snowstorms, Ice Storms, Extreme Cold)

  • Clothing:
    • High-quality winter coat: CAD 200โ€“500.
    • Insulated boots: CAD 100โ€“300.
    • Thermal layers, gloves, hats, and scarves: CAD 50โ€“150.
  • Home Preparation:
    • Snow removal equipment (shovels, snow blowers): CAD 50โ€“1,000.
    • Ice melt or salt for driveways and sidewalks: CAD 10โ€“30 per bag.
    • Emergency supplies (flashlights, batteries, blankets): CAD 50โ€“100.
  • Transportation:
    • Winter tires (mandatory in Quebec from December 1 to March 15): CAD 600โ€“1,200 for a set.
    • Public transit passes (if avoiding driving): CAD 90 per month.

Summer Weather (Heatwaves)

  • Cooling Solutions:
    • Portable fans: CAD 30โ€“100.
    • Air conditioning units: CAD 300โ€“1,000.
    • Hydration supplies (water bottles, electrolyte drinks): CAD 10โ€“50.

3. Practical Procedures to Handle Extreme Weather

A. Severe Snowstorms

  1. Before the Storm:
    • Monitor weather forecasts via Environment Canada or local news.
    • Stock up on essentials (food, water, medications).
    • Ensure your car has a full tank of gas and an emergency kit.
    • Avoid unnecessary travel; stay indoors if possible.
  2. During the Storm:
    • Stay indoors and keep warm.
    • If driving is unavoidable, ensure your car is equipped with winter tires and drive slowly.
    • Keep sidewalks and driveways clear of snow to prevent ice buildup.
  3. After the Storm:
    • Check for updates on road conditions and public transit.
    • Clear snow from roofs to prevent ice dams and structural damage.

B. Ice Storms

  1. Before the Storm:
    • Prepare for potential power outages by charging devices and having backup power sources.
    • Avoid parking cars under trees or power lines.
  2. During the Storm:
    • Stay indoors and avoid walking or driving unless absolutely necessary.
    • Use sand or salt to improve traction on icy surfaces.
  3. After the Storm:
    • Inspect your property for damage.
    • Report downed power lines to Hydro-Quรฉbec.

C. Extreme Cold

  1. Before Going Outside:
    • Dress in layers, covering all exposed skin.
    • Use hand and foot warmers if necessary.
  2. While Outside:
    • Limit time outdoors and take frequent breaks indoors to warm up.
    • Watch for signs of frostbite (numbness, white or grayish skin) and hypothermia (shivering, confusion).
  3. At Home:
    • Keep heating systems running efficiently.
    • Use weather stripping to seal windows and doors.

D. Heatwaves

  1. During the Heatwave:
    • Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
    • Avoid outdoor activities during peak heat (midday to early afternoon).
    • Use fans or air conditioning to stay cool.
    • Visit public cooling centers or air-conditioned spaces like malls or libraries.
  2. For Vulnerable Individuals:
    • Check on elderly neighbors or those with health conditions.
    • Avoid leaving children or pets in parked cars.

4. Safety and Navigation Considerations

Winter Weather

  • Public Transportation:
    • Quebec Cityโ€™s public transit system (RTC) generally operates during snowstorms but may experience delays. Check schedules online or via the RTC app.
  • Driving:
    • Roads can be treacherous; avoid driving during storms if possible.
    • Use snow tires and keep an emergency kit in your car.
  • Walking:
    • Wear boots with good traction to prevent slips and falls.
    • Stick to cleared sidewalks and avoid icy patches.

Summer Weather

  • Public Spaces:
    • Many parks and outdoor attractions remain open during heatwaves, but bring water and sunscreen.
  • Indoor Attractions:
    • Consider visiting museums, galleries, or shopping centers to escape the heat.

5. Additional Tips for Visitors and Immigrants

  • Emergency Numbers:
    • Dial 911 for emergencies.
    • Hydro-Quรฉbec (power outages): 1-800-790-2424.
  • Weather Alerts:
    • Sign up for weather alerts from Environment Canada or download a weather app.
  • Community Resources:
    • Local community centers often provide resources during extreme weather, such as warming shelters in winter or cooling centers in summer.
  • Cultural Note:
    • Quebecers are accustomed to extreme weather and take it in stride. Donโ€™t hesitate to ask locals for advice or assistanceโ€”they are generally friendly and helpful.

By understanding and preparing for Quebec Cityโ€™s extreme weather, you can navigate the city safely and enjoy its unique charm year-round.