🌏

Dual Citizenship

Information on holding Australian citizenship alongside citizenship of another country.

Sections

1. Overview of Dual Citizenship in Australia

Dual citizenship refers to holding citizenship in two countries simultaneously. Australia allows its citizens to hold dual or multiple citizenships, provided the other country involved also permits it. This means you can be an Australian citizen while retaining or acquiring citizenship of another country.

2. Australian Regulations on Dual Citizenship

  • Legal Framework: The Australian Citizenship Act 2007 governs citizenship matters, including dual citizenship.
  • Eligibility:
    • Australian citizens can acquire another citizenship without losing their Australian citizenship, as long as the other country permits dual citizenship.
    • Foreign nationals can become Australian citizens through naturalization without necessarily renouncing their original citizenship, depending on their home country's laws.
  • Automatic Loss of Citizenship: Australia does not automatically revoke citizenship if you acquire another nationality. However, if you voluntarily renounce your Australian citizenship, you lose it.

3. Benefits of Dual Citizenship

  • Travel: Dual citizens can travel freely between their two countries and enjoy the benefits of holding two passports.
  • Rights and Privileges: You can access the rights and privileges of both countries, such as voting, healthcare, and education.
  • Residency: You can live, work, and study in both countries without needing visas or permits.

4. Costs Associated with Dual Citizenship

The costs depend on whether you are:

  • Acquiring Australian Citizenship:
    • Application Fee for Citizenship by Conferral: AUD 490 for adults; AUD 300 for children under 16.
    • Concessions: Reduced fees may apply for certain applicants, such as pensioners or refugees.
  • Renouncing Australian Citizenship (if required by another country): AUD 265.
  • Passport Costs: If you hold dual citizenship, you may need to maintain valid passports for both countries. An Australian passport costs:
    • AUD 325 for a 10-year adult passport.
    • AUD 165 for a 5-year child passport.

5. Standard Procedures for Dual Citizenship

A. Acquiring Australian Citizenship

  1. Eligibility Check:
    • You must meet residency requirements (generally 4 years of lawful residence, including 12 months as a permanent resident).
    • Pass a character test and demonstrate good moral standing.
    • Pass a citizenship test (if aged 18–59).
  2. Application Process:
    • Submit an online application via the Department of Home Affairs website.
    • Provide required documents (e.g., proof of identity, residency, and English proficiency).
    • Pay the application fee.
  3. Citizenship Ceremony:
    • If approved, attend a citizenship ceremony where you pledge allegiance to Australia.
    • Receive your citizenship certificate.

B. Retaining Australian Citizenship While Acquiring Another

  • No action is required to retain Australian citizenship unless the other country requires you to renounce it.
  • Check the laws of the other country to ensure dual citizenship is permitted.

C. Renouncing Australian Citizenship

  • If your other country does not allow dual citizenship, you may need to renounce your Australian citizenship.
  • Submit Form 128 (Application to Renounce Australian Citizenship) to the Department of Home Affairs.
  • Pay the renunciation fee (AUD 265).

6. Country-Specific Considerations

Dual citizenship is subject to the laws of both Australia and the other country involved. Here are some key considerations:

A. Countries That Allow Dual Citizenship

  • Many countries, such as the UK, Canada, the USA, and New Zealand, allow dual citizenship. If you are a citizen of one of these countries, you can generally hold Australian citizenship without renouncing your original nationality.

B. Countries That Restrict Dual Citizenship

  • Some countries, such as India, China, and Japan, do not permit dual citizenship. If you are a citizen of one of these countries, you may need to renounce your original citizenship to become an Australian citizen or vice versa.

C. Military and Political Obligations

  • Some countries may impose military service or political obligations on their citizens, even if they hold dual citizenship. For example:
    • USA: Dual citizens may be subject to US tax laws and military service requirements.
    • South Korea: Male citizens may be required to complete mandatory military service.
  • Check the obligations of your other country of citizenship to avoid conflicts.

D. Travel Considerations

  • When traveling, dual citizens must use the passport of the country they are entering. For example:
    • Use your Australian passport to enter and leave Australia.
    • Use your other passport to enter and leave your other country of citizenship.

7. Practical Tips for Dual Citizens

  • Keep Both Passports Valid: Ensure both passports are up to date to avoid travel issues.
  • Understand Tax Implications: Dual citizens may be subject to taxation in both countries. Consult a tax advisor to understand your obligations.
  • Stay Informed: Laws regarding dual citizenship can change. Regularly check the regulations in both countries.
  • Notify Authorities: Some countries require you to notify them if you acquire another citizenship.

8. Resources for Further Information

9. Summary

Australia permits dual citizenship, offering flexibility and benefits for individuals with ties to multiple countries. However, it is essential to understand the laws and obligations of both Australia and the other country involved. Ensure you meet all requirements, maintain valid documentation, and stay informed about any changes in regulations.

If you have specific questions or need assistance with your application, feel free to ask!