Global Major Cities Guide

China has a robust regulatory framework to oversee food and drug safety, managed primarily by the following authorities:

State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR): Oversees food safety, including production, distribution, and retail.
National Medical Products Administration (NMPA): Regulates drugs, medical devices, and cosmetics.
General Administration of Customs (GAC): Monitors imported food and drugs.

Food Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China (2015):
- Governs food production, processing, distribution, and consumption.
- Requires food producers to meet strict hygiene and quality standards.
- Mandates labeling of ingredients, allergens, and expiration dates.
Drug Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China (2019):
- Regulates the research, production, distribution, and use of pharmaceuticals.
- Introduces stricter penalties for counterfeit or substandard drugs.
E-commerce Law (2019):
- Regulates the sale of food and drugs online, ensuring compliance with safety standards.

GB Standards (Guobiao Standards): National standards for food safety, including limits on additives, contaminants, and pesticide residues.
Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP): Required for pharmaceutical production to ensure quality and safety.

Food Adulteration: Cases of counterfeit or substandard food products have been reported in the past.
Pesticide Residues: Concerns about excessive pesticide use in agriculture.
Street Food Hygiene: While popular, street food may not always meet hygiene standards.

Buy from Reputable Sources: Purchase food from supermarkets, chain stores, or certified markets.
Check Labels: Look for clear labeling in Chinese and English, including production and expiration dates.
Avoid Raw or Unfamiliar Foods: Be cautious with raw seafood, unpasteurized dairy, or exotic dishes.
Wash Produce Thoroughly: Rinse fruits and vegetables with clean water or a food-safe detergent.

Groceries: Imported food products are generally more expensive than local ones. For example:
- Local vegetables: ¥5–¥15 per kilogram.
- Imported snacks: ¥20–¥50 per package.
Dining Out: Meals at mid-range restaurants cost ¥50–¥150 per person, while street food is cheaper (¥10–¥30 per item).

Food Safety Campaigns: Regular inspections and public awareness campaigns to improve food safety.
QR Code Tracking: Many food products now include QR codes for consumers to trace their origin and safety certifications.

Prescription Drugs: Require a doctor’s prescription and are dispensed at hospitals or licensed pharmacies.
OTC Drugs: Available at pharmacies without a prescription. Common examples include cold medicine and pain relievers.

Chain Pharmacies: Well-known chains like Tongrentang (同仁堂) and Yifeng (益丰) are reliable.
Hospital Pharmacies: Often the safest option for prescription drugs.

Prescription Drugs: Prices vary depending on the drug and whether it is covered by insurance. For example:
- Generic antibiotics: ¥20–¥50 per course.
- Brand-name drugs: ¥100–¥500 or more.
OTC Drugs: Typically affordable, with prices ranging from ¥10–¥50 for common medications.

Visitors and immigrants can bring personal medications into China, but:
- Documentation: Carry a doctor’s prescription and a translated note explaining the medication’s purpose.
- Quantity Limits: Only bring a reasonable amount for personal use (usually a 3-month supply).
- Restricted Drugs: Some medications (e.g., strong painkillers) may be classified as controlled substances and require special permits.

Counterfeit drugs are a concern in some areas. To avoid them:
- Purchase from licensed pharmacies or hospitals.
- Verify packaging for official NMPA approval numbers.

Inspections: Restaurants and food producers are subject to regular inspections by local market regulators.
Recalls: Unsafe food products are recalled, and information is published on government websites.
Reporting Issues: Consumers can report food safety concerns via the SAMR hotline (12315).

Approval Process: All drugs must be approved by the NMPA before being sold in China.
Pharmacovigilance: The NMPA monitors adverse drug reactions and issues safety alerts when necessary.
Reporting Issues: Consumers can report drug safety concerns via the NMPA hotline (12331).

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Widely used alongside Western medicine. TCM includes herbal remedies, acupuncture, and dietary therapy. Ensure TCM products are purchased from reputable sources.
Food Culture: Sharing meals is common, but be cautious about hygiene when dining in large groups.

Many food and drug labels are in Chinese. Use translation apps or ask for assistance if needed.

Visitors should have travel insurance that covers medical expenses.
Immigrants should enroll in China’s public health insurance system, which subsidizes drug costs.

Food Poisoning: Call 120 for medical emergencies or visit the nearest hospital.
Drug Reactions: Report adverse reactions to the NMPA hotline (12331).

Stay Informed: Familiarize yourself with Chinese food and drug safety regulations.
Be Cautious: Purchase food and drugs from reputable sources and verify their authenticity.
Use Technology: Leverage QR codes and translation apps to navigate labels and certifications.
Seek Help: Don’t hesitate to ask locals or healthcare professionals for guidance.

By following these guidelines, visitors and immigrants can navigate food and drug safety in China with confidence.