Disaster Resilience in Indonesia: Infrastructure

Overview

Indonesia is prone to various natural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and volcanic eruptions. The government has prioritized disaster resilience in infrastructure development to mitigate risks and enhance recovery capabilities.

National Regulations

1. Law No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management: Establishes the framework for disaster management, including preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation.
2. Presidential Regulation No. 87/2019: Focuses on the National Disaster Management Plan (Rencana Penanggulangan Bencana Nasional), outlining strategies for infrastructure resilience.
3. Building Code (SNI 1726:2019): Sets standards for earthquake-resistant structures, applicable to all new constructions in seismic zones.
4. Ministry of Public Works and Housing Regulations: Guidelines for the design and construction of resilient infrastructure, including roads, bridges, and public buildings.

General Costs

• Infrastructure Resilience Projects: Costs vary widely based on the type and scale of the project. For example:
  • Earthquake-resistant buildings: Additional costs can range from 5% to 20% over standard construction costs.
  • Flood mitigation infrastructure: Projects can range from IDR 1 billion to IDR 100 billion (approximately USD 70,000 to USD 7 million) depending on complexity.
• Insurance: Premiums for disaster insurance can range from 0.1% to 1% of the insured value, depending on the risk profile.

Standard Procedures

1. Risk Assessment: Conduct thorough assessments to identify vulnerabilities in existing infrastructure.
2. Design and Planning: Incorporate disaster resilience into the design phase, following national building codes and guidelines.
3. Construction: Engage certified contractors familiar with disaster-resilient practices.
4. Monitoring and Maintenance: Implement regular inspections and maintenance schedules to ensure infrastructure remains resilient over time.
5. Community Involvement: Engage local communities in planning and decision-making processes to enhance local knowledge and support.

Country-Specific Considerations

• Geographical Diversity: Indonesia's diverse geography requires tailored approaches for different regions (e.g., coastal areas vs. mountainous regions).
• Cultural Factors: Local customs and community structures can influence disaster response and recovery efforts. Engaging local leaders is crucial for effective implementation.
• Funding and Investment: Government funding is supplemented by international aid and private sector investment. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are encouraged for large-scale projects.
• Climate Change Adaptation: Infrastructure projects must consider climate change impacts, particularly in coastal areas vulnerable to rising sea levels and extreme weather events.

Conclusion

Disaster resilience in Indonesia's infrastructure is governed by a robust regulatory framework, with a focus on risk assessment, community involvement, and adherence to national standards. Costs vary based on project scope, and ongoing maintenance is essential for long-term resilience. Understanding local contexts and engaging with communities are critical for successful implementation.