Legislative Branch of Indonesia

Structure

1. Bicameral System: The Indonesian legislative branch consists of two chambers:

   • People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat - MPR): Comprises two bodies:
     • People's Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat - DPR): 575 members elected for five-year terms.
     • Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah - DPD): 136 members, with four representatives from each province, also elected for five-year terms.

2. Election Process: Members of the DPR and DPD are elected through a proportional representation system during general elections held every five years.

Functions

1. Legislation: The primary function is to draft, discuss, and pass laws. Both the DPR and DPD participate in the legislative process, but the DPR has the primary authority.
2. Budget Approval: The DPR is responsible for approving the national budget proposed by the executive branch.
3. Oversight: The DPR monitors the implementation of laws and government policies, ensuring accountability.
4. Representation: Members represent the interests of their constituents and engage in public consultations.

Relevant National Regulations

1. Constitution: The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia outlines the structure and functions of the legislative branch.
2. Legislative Procedures: Governed by Law No. 12 of 2011 on the Formation of Laws and Regulations, detailing the processes for law-making, including public participation and consultation.

General Costs

1. Operational Costs: The budget for the legislative branch is part of the national budget, which is publicly available. Specific costs can vary annually based on the budget allocation.
2. Campaign Costs: Candidates for the DPR and DPD must fund their campaigns, which can range significantly based on the region and political party.

Standard Procedures

1. Law-Making Process:

   • Proposal: Laws can be proposed by the President, DPR members, or the public.
   • Discussion: Proposals are discussed in committees before being brought to the plenary session.
   • Voting: Requires a majority vote in the DPR to pass.
   • Presidential Approval: Passed laws are sent to the President for approval or veto.

2. Budget Process:

   • The executive submits a draft budget to the DPR.
   • The DPR reviews, discusses, and must approve the budget before the fiscal year begins.

Country-Specific Considerations

1. Cultural Context: Understanding local customs and political culture is essential. Political discussions can be influenced by regional identities and social issues.
2. Public Participation: There is an increasing emphasis on public involvement in the legislative process, with mechanisms for public hearings and consultations.
3. Political Parties: Indonesia has a multi-party system, and party affiliation can significantly influence legislative priorities and decisions.

Conclusion

The legislative branch in Indonesia plays a crucial role in governance, with a structured process for law-making and oversight. Understanding its functions, procedures, and cultural context is vital for engaging with Indonesia's political landscape.