Comprehensive Guide to Transportation in Indonesia

1. Overview of Transportation Infrastructure

• Roads: Indonesia has a vast network of roads, with major highways connecting cities. However, road conditions can vary significantly, especially in rural areas.
• Public Transport: Includes buses, minibuses (angkot), and trains. Major cities have public transport systems, such as TransJakarta in Jakarta and MRT in Jakarta.
• Air Travel: Numerous domestic airlines operate flights between major islands. Airports are generally well-equipped, with Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Jakarta being the largest.
• Maritime Transport: Ferries connect islands, with significant routes like Bali to Java. Smaller boats are common in remote areas.

2. National Regulations

• Driver’s License: An International Driving Permit (IDP) is recommended for foreign drivers. Local licenses can be obtained if staying long-term.
• Traffic Laws: Drive on the left side. Seat belts are mandatory, and using a mobile phone while driving is prohibited.
• Public Transport Regulations: Buses and trains have specific schedules and routes. Tickets can often be purchased at stations or via mobile apps.

3. General Costs

• Public Transport:
  • Buses: IDR 3,000 - IDR 10,000 (USD 0.20 - 0.70) per trip, depending on the city.
  • Angkot: IDR 4,000 - IDR 10,000 (USD 0.30 - 0.70) per ride.
  • Trains: IDR 5,000 - IDR 150,000 (USD 0.35 - USD 10) based on distance and class.
• Taxis and Ride-Sharing:
  • Taxis: Starting fare around IDR 7,000 (USD 0.50), with IDR 5,000 (USD 0.35) per kilometer.
  • Ride-sharing (e.g., Gojek, Grab): Generally cheaper than taxis, with fares starting around IDR 10,000 (USD 0.70) for short distances.
• Domestic Flights: Prices vary widely; expect IDR 500,000 - IDR 2,000,000 (USD 35 - USD 140) for one-way tickets between major cities.

4. Standard Procedures for Using Public and Private Transport

• Public Transport:
  • Buses: Check routes and schedules online or at terminals. Purchase tickets at kiosks or on the bus.
  • Trains: Buy tickets at stations or online. Arrive early to navigate the station.
• Taxis: Use reputable companies or ride-sharing apps. Confirm the destination before starting the trip.
• Car Rentals: Available in major cities. An IDP is required. Inspect the vehicle before renting.

5. Country-Specific Considerations

• Cultural Aspects:
  • Public transport can be crowded, especially during peak hours. Be prepared for close quarters.
  • Respect local customs, such as giving up seats for the elderly or pregnant women.
• Safety: Exercise caution in traffic; road safety standards may differ from those in your home country. Avoid driving at night in rural areas.
• Language: Basic knowledge of Bahasa Indonesia can be helpful, especially in less touristy areas.

6. Conclusion

Understanding Indonesia's transportation system is crucial for navigating the country effectively. Familiarize yourself with local regulations, costs, and cultural norms to enhance your travel or living experience in Indonesia.