Global Major Cities Guide

Accessing fire services and rescue operations in case of fires or other emergencies.

Sections

1. Overview of Fire and Rescue Services in Japan

Japan’s fire and rescue services are managed at the municipal level but operate under national guidelines set by the Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA), which is part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. The system is designed to handle a wide range of emergencies, including fires, natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons), medical emergencies, and hazardous material incidents.

Fire Stations: There are over 1,700 fire stations across Japan, ensuring coverage in urban and rural areas.
Personnel: Firefighters in Japan are highly trained and include both full-time professionals and volunteer firefighters.
Emergency Number: The national emergency number for fire and rescue services is 119. This number also covers ambulance services.

2. National Regulations

Japan’s fire and rescue services are governed by the Fire Service Act (消防法, Shōbō-hō), which outlines the responsibilities of municipalities, fire prevention measures, and emergency response protocols. Key regulations include:

Fire Prevention: Building codes and fire safety standards are strictly enforced. For example, high-rise buildings must have fire-resistant materials, sprinkler systems, and emergency exits.
Disaster Preparedness: Municipalities are required to conduct regular disaster drills and public awareness campaigns.
Volunteer Fire Corps (消防団, Shōbō-dan): Local communities often have volunteer fire brigades that assist professional firefighters during emergencies.

3. General Costs

Fire and rescue services in Japan are publicly funded, meaning there is no direct cost to individuals for emergency response services, including firefighting and ambulance transport. However, there are some exceptions and considerations:

Ambulance Services: While ambulance transport is free, patients are responsible for the cost of medical treatment and hospitalization after arriving at the hospital.
Fire Safety Equipment: Residents and businesses are required to purchase and maintain fire safety equipment (e.g., fire extinguishers, smoke detectors) at their own expense.
Penalties for False Alarms: Deliberately making a false emergency call can result in fines or legal action.

4. Standard Procedures

Here’s what to expect and how to respond in case of an emergency:

a. Reporting an Emergency

Dial 119 (available 24/7).
Clearly state the type of emergency (fire, medical, or rescue).
Provide your location. If you’re unsure of the address, describe nearby landmarks.
If you don’t speak Japanese, say “English, please” (or the name of your language). Some dispatch centers have interpreters or multilingual support.

b. Firefighting Response

Firefighters will arrive promptly, typically within minutes in urban areas.
They will assess the situation, evacuate people if necessary, and extinguish the fire using advanced equipment.

c. Rescue Operations

Firefighters are trained in search-and-rescue operations, including handling collapsed buildings, floods, and other disasters.
Specialized teams, such as the Hyper Rescue Team, are deployed for large-scale or complex emergencies.

d. Medical Emergencies

Ambulances are staffed with paramedics who provide pre-hospital care.
Patients are transported to the nearest hospital capable of handling their condition.

5. Country-Specific Considerations

Japan’s unique geography and culture influence its fire and rescue services. Here are some important points for visitors and immigrants:

a. Earthquake Preparedness

Japan is prone to earthquakes, and fire stations are equipped to handle earthquake-related emergencies.
Many municipalities offer free disaster preparedness training, including how to use fire extinguishers and what to do during an earthquake.

b. Fire Safety in Traditional Homes

Traditional Japanese homes, often made of wood and paper, are more susceptible to fires. Residents should be extra cautious with open flames and heating equipment.
Smoke detectors are mandatory in all residences.

c. Language Barriers

While emergency responders are highly professional, not all firefighters and paramedics speak English or other foreign languages. It’s helpful to learn basic Japanese phrases or carry a translation app.
Some municipalities provide multilingual emergency guides and apps, such as the Yurekuru Call app for earthquake alerts.

d. Volunteer Opportunities

Immigrants and long-term residents can join local Volunteer Fire Corps (Shōbō-dan). This is a great way to integrate into the community and contribute to public safety.

e. Fire Drills and Public Education

Schools, workplaces, and communities regularly conduct fire and disaster drills. Participation is encouraged, as it helps individuals understand local procedures and safety measures.

6. Tips for Visitors and Immigrants

Know Your Address: Always carry a note with your address in Japanese to provide to emergency responders.
Install Emergency Apps: Apps like Safety Tips (by the Japan Tourism Agency) provide real-time disaster information and emergency contact numbers.
Learn Basic Fire Safety: Familiarize yourself with fire exits, extinguishers, and evacuation routes in your residence or workplace.
Participate in Community Events: Many local governments host disaster preparedness events, which are excellent opportunities to learn and meet neighbors.

7. Contact Information

Emergency Number: 119 (for fire, rescue, and ambulance services)
Non-Emergency Inquiries: Contact your local fire station for information about fire safety, disaster preparedness, or volunteering opportunities.
Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA): Visit their official website (in Japanese) for detailed regulations and updates: FDMA Website.

Japan’s fire and rescue services are among the best in the world, ensuring safety and rapid response in emergencies. By understanding the system and taking proactive steps, visitors and immigrants can feel secure and prepared during their time in Japan.