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Natural Disaster Preparedness

Guidelines and resources for earthquakes, tsunamis, and typhoons, which are common in Japan.

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Comprehensive Guide to Natural Disaster Preparedness in Japan

Japan is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world due to its geographical location along the Pacific Ring of Fire. Earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, and landslides are common natural disasters. As such, Japan has developed a robust disaster preparedness system, and understanding it is essential for both visitors and immigrants. Below is a detailed guide to help you prepare for natural disasters in Japan.

1. Understanding Japanโ€™s Natural Disaster Risks

Common Natural Disasters:

  • Earthquakes: Frequent due to tectonic activity. Major earthquakes can trigger tsunamis.
  • Tsunamis: Coastal areas are particularly vulnerable.
  • Typhoons: Occur mainly between June and October, bringing heavy rain and strong winds.
  • Volcanic Eruptions: Japan has 111 active volcanoes.
  • Landslides: Often caused by heavy rainfall or earthquakes.

2. National Regulations and Systems for Disaster Preparedness

Japan has a well-organized disaster management system, with national and local governments working together to ensure public safety.

Key Regulations and Systems:

  • Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act: This law outlines the responsibilities of the government, local authorities, and citizens in disaster preparedness and response.
  • J-Alert System: A nationwide early warning system that broadcasts alerts via TV, radio, and mobile phones for earthquakes, tsunamis, and other emergencies.
  • Earthquake Early Warning (EEW): Issued by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), this system provides a few seconds to minutes of warning before strong shaking begins.
  • Evacuation Protocols: Local governments designate evacuation shelters and routes. These are clearly marked and regularly updated.

3. Practical Preparedness Steps

A. Emergency Kits

Every household and individual should have an emergency kit. The cost of assembling a basic kit ranges from ยฅ5,000 to ยฅ20,000, depending on the items included.

Essential Items:

  1. Water: At least 3 liters per person per day (3-day supply).
  2. Non-perishable food: Enough for 3 days.
  3. First-aid kit: Include bandages, antiseptic, and any necessary medications.
  4. Flashlight and batteries: Or a hand-crank flashlight.
  5. Portable phone charger: Preferably solar-powered.
  6. Radio: To receive updates if the internet is down.
  7. Clothing and blankets: For warmth.
  8. Important documents: Passport, residence card, insurance details, and cash in small denominations.
  9. Masks and hygiene items: Including hand sanitizer and tissues.
  10. Whistle: To signal for help if trapped.

B. Home Safety Measures

  1. Secure Furniture: Use brackets or straps to anchor heavy furniture to walls.
  2. Earthquake-Proof Your Home: Install safety latches on cabinets and use non-slip mats under appliances.
  3. Gas and Electricity: Know how to turn off gas and electricity in case of an earthquake.

C. Stay Informed

  1. Download Disaster Apps:
    • NHK World App: Provides emergency updates in multiple languages.
    • Safety Tips App: Offers real-time alerts and evacuation information in English and other languages.
  2. Monitor Weather and Earthquake Updates:

4. Emergency Procedures

A. During an Earthquake

  1. Indoors:
    • Drop, cover, and hold on under a sturdy table or desk.
    • Stay away from windows, mirrors, and heavy objects.
  2. Outdoors:
    • Move to an open area away from buildings, trees, and power lines.
  3. In a Vehicle:
    • Pull over to a safe area and stay inside until the shaking stops.

B. After an Earthquake

  1. Check for injuries and administer first aid if necessary.
  2. Turn off gas and electricity to prevent fires.
  3. Follow evacuation orders if issued.
  4. Be prepared for aftershocks.

C. Tsunami Warnings

  1. Move to higher ground immediately if you are near the coast and feel a strong earthquake.
  2. Follow evacuation signs and instructions from local authorities.

D. Typhoons

  1. Secure outdoor items to prevent them from becoming projectiles.
  2. Avoid rivers, coastal areas, and low-lying regions prone to flooding.
  3. Stay indoors and monitor updates from the JMA.

5. Evacuation Shelters

A. Types of Shelters

  1. Designated Evacuation Shelters: Schools, community centers, and public buildings.
  2. Temporary Shelters: Set up during emergencies in parks or open spaces.

B. What to Bring

  • Emergency kit.
  • Personal identification (passport, residence card).
  • Food and water.
  • Any necessary medications.

C. How to Locate Shelters

  • Use the Safety Tips App or check with your local city office for maps of evacuation shelters.
  • Look for signs labeled ้ฟ้›ฃๆ‰€ (hinanjo), meaning evacuation shelter.

6. Emergency Services in Japan

A. Emergency Numbers

  • Police: 110
  • Fire and Ambulance: 119
  • Multilingual Emergency Support: Tokyo English Lifeline (TELL) at 03-5774-0992.

B. Multilingual Support

  • Many local governments provide disaster information in multiple languages.
  • The Japan National Tourism Organization (JNTO) operates a 24-hour hotline for visitors: 050-3816-2787.

7. Cultural Considerations

  1. Community Involvement: Japanese communities often hold disaster drills. Participating in these drills is a good way to learn procedures and integrate into the community.
  2. Preparedness Mindset: Japanese people take disaster preparedness seriously. It is common to see emergency kits in homes and workplaces.
  3. Respect for Rules: During evacuations, follow instructions from authorities and respect the orderly nature of Japanese society.

8. General Costs Associated with Preparedness

  • Emergency Kit: ยฅ5,000โ€“ยฅ20,000.
  • Furniture Safety Equipment: ยฅ1,000โ€“ยฅ5,000 per item.
  • Disaster Apps: Free.
  • Insurance: Earthquake insurance is optional but recommended. Costs vary based on property value and location, typically ยฅ10,000โ€“ยฅ50,000 annually.

9. Key Takeaways

  • Familiarize yourself with local evacuation routes and shelters.
  • Assemble an emergency kit and keep it accessible.
  • Stay informed through apps and the JMA.
  • Participate in community disaster drills to understand local procedures.
  • Always follow official instructions during emergencies.

By taking these steps, you can ensure your safety and preparedness while living in or visiting Japan.