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Comprehensive Guide to Road and Traffic Safety in Hiroshima, Japan

Hiroshima, a city known for its historical significance and modern infrastructure, has a well-organized transportation system and strict adherence to traffic rules. Whether you're a pedestrian, driver, cyclist, or public transportation user, understanding the local road and traffic safety measures is essential for navigating the city safely and efficiently. Below is a detailed guide covering all aspects of road and traffic safety in Hiroshima.

1. Local Traffic Rules in Hiroshima

General Rules of the Road

Driving Side: In Japan, including Hiroshima, vehicles drive on the left-hand side of the road, and the steering wheel is on the right side of the car.
Speed Limits:
- Urban areas: 40–50 km/h (25–31 mph)
- Residential areas: 30 km/h (19 mph)
- Highways: 80–100 km/h (50–62 mph)
Seat Belts: Mandatory for all passengers, including those in the back seat.
Drunk Driving: Strictly prohibited. The legal blood alcohol limit is 0.03%, and even a small amount of alcohol can result in severe penalties, including fines, license suspension, or imprisonment.
Mobile Phone Use: Using a mobile phone while driving is illegal unless you use a hands-free device.
Traffic Lights: Red means stop, yellow means prepare to stop, and green means go. Note that pedestrians have priority at crosswalks.

Right of Way

Pedestrians always have the right of way at crosswalks.
At intersections without traffic lights, vehicles must yield to pedestrians and bicycles.

Parking Rules

Parking on the street is generally prohibited unless explicitly allowed. Use designated parking lots or coin-operated parking spaces.
Illegally parked vehicles are subject to fines and towing.

2. Pedestrian Safety Measures

Hiroshima is a pedestrian-friendly city, but there are specific safety measures to keep in mind:

Crosswalks: Always use designated crosswalks. Many crosswalks are equipped with pedestrian signals, and jaywalking is discouraged.
Pedestrian Bridges and Tunnels: In busy areas, you may find pedestrian overpasses or underpasses for safe crossing.
Flashing Lights at Crosswalks: Some crosswalks have flashing lights to alert drivers of pedestrian activity.
Nighttime Visibility: If walking at night, wear reflective clothing or carry a flashlight, as some areas may have limited street lighting.

3. Cultural Norms Surrounding Transportation

Politeness: Drivers in Hiroshima are generally polite and patient. Honking is rare and considered rude unless used as a warning.
Queueing: Whether waiting for a bus, tram, or taxi, people form orderly lines. Cutting in line is frowned upon.
Tram Etiquette: Hiroshima is famous for its tram system (Hiroden). Passengers are expected to wait for others to disembark before boarding.

4. Recommended Practices for Drivers and Cyclists

For Drivers

Navigation: Use GPS systems or apps like Google Maps, but ensure they are set to Japanese road rules.
Toll Roads: Many highways in Japan are toll roads. Use an ETC (Electronic Toll Collection) card for convenience.
Winter Driving: If visiting during winter, ensure your vehicle has snow tires or chains, especially if traveling to mountainous areas.

For Cyclists

Bike Lanes: Hiroshima has dedicated bike lanes in some areas, but cyclists often share sidewalks with pedestrians.
Helmet Use: While not legally required for adults, wearing a helmet is strongly recommended.
Traffic Rules: Cyclists must follow the same traffic rules as vehicles, including stopping at red lights and yielding to pedestrians.
Parking: Park bicycles in designated areas. Illegally parked bikes may be impounded.

5. Public Transportation Behavior

Hiroshima’s public transportation system includes trams, buses, and trains. Here are some safety and etiquette tips:

Trams (Hiroden): Trams are a popular mode of transport. Be cautious when boarding or alighting, as the tram may stop in the middle of the road.
Priority Seats: Reserved for the elderly, pregnant women, and people with disabilities. Offer your seat if needed.
Quietness: Keep conversations low and avoid talking on the phone while on public transport.

6. Procedures for Obtaining a Driving License as a Foreigner

If you plan to drive in Hiroshima, you’ll need a valid driving license. Here’s how to obtain one:

International Driving Permit (IDP)

If you’re visiting Hiroshima for a short period, you can use an International Driving Permit (IDP) issued in your home country. Japan recognizes IDPs based on the 1949 Geneva Convention.
Note: IDPs are valid for one year and cannot be renewed within Japan.

Converting a Foreign License

If you’re staying long-term, you’ll need to convert your foreign license to a Japanese one:

Eligibility: You must have held your foreign license for at least three months before arriving in Japan.
Translation: Obtain an official Japanese translation of your license from the Japan Automobile Federation (JAF).
Application: Apply at the Hiroshima Prefectural Driver’s License Center.
Tests:
- Written Test: A simple test on Japanese road rules (available in English).
- Driving Test: A practical test on a closed course.
- Vision Test: A basic eyesight check.
Costs:
- Translation Fee: Around ¥3,000–¥4,000
- Application Fee: Approximately ¥4,000–¥5,000
- Additional Costs: Driving school fees (optional) if you need practice.

7. Relevant Costs

Gasoline: Around ¥160–¥180 per liter (as of 2023).
Parking: ¥100–¥500 per hour in urban areas; monthly parking can cost ¥10,000–¥30,000.
Toll Roads: Fees vary but typically range from ¥500–¥3,000 depending on the distance.

8. Unique Considerations in Hiroshima

Tram System

Hiroshima’s tram network is one of the most extensive in Japan. Be cautious when driving near tram tracks, as trams have the right of way.
Pedestrians and cyclists should be aware of tram tracks to avoid accidents.

Atomic Bomb Dome Area

The area around the Peace Memorial Park and Atomic Bomb Dome is heavily trafficked by pedestrians and cyclists. Drive slowly and be extra cautious.

Natural Disasters

Hiroshima is prone to heavy rains and occasional typhoons. During such events, avoid driving or cycling, as roads may flood or become slippery.

9. Emergency Contacts

Police: Dial 110 for traffic accidents or emergencies.
Ambulance/Fire: Dial 119 for medical emergencies or fires.
Roadside Assistance: Contact JAF at 0570-00-8139 or #8139 from a mobile phone.

By following these guidelines and respecting local customs, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable experience navigating Hiroshima’s roads and transportation system.