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Comprehensive Guide to Dual Citizenship Policy in Singapore

Singapore has a strict single citizenship policy, and dual citizenship is generally not allowed under Singapore law. Below is a detailed explanation of the policy, relevant regulations, procedures, and considerations for individuals exploring this topic.

1. Legal Framework Governing Citizenship in Singapore

The prohibition of dual citizenship in Singapore is governed by the Singapore Constitution and the Singapore Citizenship Act. Key points include:

  • Article 134 of the Singapore Constitution: This article outlines the conditions under which Singapore citizenship can be acquired, retained, or renounced.
  • Singapore Citizenship Act: This act provides the legal framework for citizenship matters, including acquisition, renunciation, and loss of citizenship.

Under these laws:

  • Singapore citizens are not allowed to hold citizenship in another country simultaneously.
  • If a Singapore citizen acquires foreign citizenship voluntarily, they are required to renounce their Singapore citizenship.

2. Key Rules and Regulations

a) For Singapore Citizens

  • Automatic Loss of Citizenship: If a Singapore citizen voluntarily acquires citizenship of another country, they are deemed to have renounced their Singapore citizenship. This is automatic and does not require a formal declaration.
  • Mandatory Renunciation: Singapore citizens who wish to acquire foreign citizenship must formally renounce their Singapore citizenship as part of the process.

b) For Foreign Nationals

  • Foreign nationals who wish to become Singapore citizens must renounce their existing citizenship(s) as part of the naturalization process. Singapore does not allow naturalized citizens to retain their original citizenship.

c) For Minors

  • Children born to Singaporean parents overseas may acquire dual citizenship at birth (e.g., through jus soli or jus sanguinis laws of the foreign country). However, they must decide on their citizenship status by the age of 21:
    • If they wish to retain Singapore citizenship, they must renounce their foreign citizenship.
    • Failure to do so will result in the loss of Singapore citizenship.

3. Costs and Fees

While there are no direct costs associated with the prohibition of dual citizenship, there are fees for related administrative processes:

  • Renunciation of Singapore Citizenship: SGD 35 (processing fee).
  • Application for Singapore Citizenship: SGD 100 (processing fee).
  • Issuance of Citizenship Certificate: SGD 70.

These fees are subject to change, and applicants should check with the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) for the latest updates.

4. Standard Procedures

a) Renouncing Singapore Citizenship

  1. Eligibility: Only Singapore citizens aged 21 and above can renounce their citizenship. Minors require parental consent and approval from the ICA.
  2. Application Process:
    • Submit the Renunciation of Singapore Citizenship Form (available on the ICA website).
    • Provide supporting documents, including:
      • Singapore passport.
      • Singapore identity card (NRIC).
      • Proof of foreign citizenship or permanent residency.
    • Pay the processing fee.
  3. Processing Time: Typically takes 3-6 months.

b) Renouncing Foreign Citizenship (for Naturalization)

  1. Eligibility: Foreign nationals applying for Singapore citizenship must renounce their existing citizenship(s).
  2. Application Process:
    • Submit proof of renunciation to the ICA as part of the citizenship application process.
    • Provide supporting documents, such as:
      • Foreign passport.
      • Certificate of renunciation from the foreign country.
    • Pay the relevant fees to the foreign country for renunciation (varies by country).

5. Country-Specific Considerations

a) National Service (NS) Obligations

  • Male Singapore citizens and Permanent Residents (PRs) are required to serve National Service (NS). This applies to dual citizens as well.
  • If a male dual citizen renounces Singapore citizenship to avoid NS, they may face penalties, including:
    • A ban on returning to Singapore.
    • Fines or imprisonment if they return without fulfilling NS obligations.

b) Impact on Property Ownership

  • Singapore citizens enjoy certain privileges, such as the ability to purchase HDB flats (public housing). Renouncing Singapore citizenship may result in the loss of these privileges.

c) Tax Implications

  • Singapore does not impose capital gains or inheritance taxes, but individuals who renounce Singapore citizenship may be subject to the tax laws of their new country of citizenship.

d) Travel Restrictions

  • Singapore citizens enjoy visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to over 190 countries. Renouncing Singapore citizenship may result in the loss of this benefit, depending on the new citizenship acquired.

6. Practical Advice for Individuals Exploring Dual Citizenship

  • Evaluate Long-Term Goals: Consider the implications of renouncing Singapore citizenship, including the loss of privileges and benefits.
  • Understand Foreign Laws: Research the citizenship laws of the other country, as some countries (e.g., the United States) allow dual citizenship, while others (e.g., India) do not.
  • Seek Legal Advice: Consult an immigration lawyer or specialist to understand the legal and financial implications of renouncing or acquiring citizenship.

7. Exceptions to the Rule

While Singapore generally prohibits dual citizenship, there are limited exceptions:

  • Honorary Citizenship: Granted to individuals who have made exceptional contributions to Singapore. This is a symbolic status and does not confer the same rights as full citizenship.
  • Special Cases: In rare circumstances, the Singapore government may allow dual citizenship on a case-by-case basis, typically for individuals with unique skills or contributions.

8. Conclusion

Singapore’s strict single citizenship policy reflects its emphasis on national identity and loyalty. Individuals considering dual citizenship or renunciation of Singapore citizenship should carefully weigh the legal, financial, and personal implications. For the most accurate and up-to-date information, consult the Immigration and Checkpoints Authority (ICA) or a qualified legal professional.

For further assistance, visit the official ICA website: https://www.ica.gov.sg.