🌊

Water Management and Landscape

The Dutch are pioneers in water management, with iconic windmills, dikes, and canals shaping the landscape.

Sections

Comprehensive Guide to National Identity in Singapore: Culture and Customs

Singapore’s national identity is a unique blend of multiculturalism, shared values, and a forward-looking ethos. As a small but highly developed city-state, Singapore has cultivated a strong sense of unity among its diverse population while embracing its rich cultural heritage. This guide explores the cultural and societal aspects that define Singapore’s national identity, relevant regulations, costs, and procedures, as well as key considerations for visitors and immigrants.

1. Cultural and Societal Aspects of Singapore’s National Identity

1.1 Multiculturalism and Diversity

Singapore is a melting pot of cultures, with its population comprising four main ethnic groups:

  • Chinese (about 74%)
  • Malay (about 13%)
  • Indian (about 9%)
  • Others (about 3%, including Eurasians and expatriates)

This diversity is reflected in Singapore’s official languages:

  • English (administrative and business language)
  • Mandarin
  • Malay (national language)
  • Tamil

Singapore’s multiculturalism is celebrated through public holidays, festivals, and food. Key cultural festivals include:

  • Chinese New Year
  • Hari Raya Puasa (Eid al-Fitr)
  • Deepavali (Diwali)
  • Christmas
  • Vesak Day

The government actively promotes racial harmony through policies and initiatives such as the Ethnic Integration Policy (EIP), which ensures a balanced ethnic mix in public housing estates.

1.2 Shared Values and National Ideals

Singapore’s national identity is shaped by shared values that emphasize:

  • Meritocracy: Opportunities are based on ability and effort rather than background.
  • Multiracialism: Equal treatment and respect for all ethnic groups.
  • Pragmatism: A practical approach to governance and problem-solving.
  • Social Harmony: A focus on maintaining peace and unity among diverse communities.

These values are enshrined in the National Pledge, recited by students and citizens during national events, and the Five Shared Values introduced in 1991:

  1. Nation before community and society above self.
  2. Family as the basic unit of society.
  3. Community support and respect for the individual.
  4. Consensus, not conflict.
  5. Racial and religious harmony.

1.3 National Symbols

Singapore’s national identity is also expressed through its symbols:

  • The National Flag: Red symbolizes universal brotherhood, and white represents purity. The crescent moon signifies a young nation, while the five stars stand for democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality.
  • The National Anthem: "Majulah Singapura" (Onward Singapore) is sung in Malay and reflects the country’s aspirations.
  • The Merlion: A mythical creature with a lion’s head and a fish’s body, symbolizing Singapore’s origins as a fishing village and its name, which means "Lion City."

1.4 Food Culture

Singapore’s food culture is a cornerstone of its national identity. The country is famous for its hawker centers, where affordable and delicious dishes from various ethnic cuisines are available. Signature dishes include:

  • Hainanese Chicken Rice
  • Laksa
  • Satay
  • Roti Prata
  • Chilli Crab

In 2020, Singapore’s hawker culture was inscribed on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

1.5 Social Norms and Etiquette

Understanding Singapore’s societal norms is crucial for visitors and immigrants:

  • Respect for Elders: Elders are highly respected in Singaporean culture.
  • Queueing: Singaporeans are disciplined about queuing, whether at food stalls or public transport.
  • Cleanliness: Singapore is known for its cleanliness, and littering is strictly prohibited.
  • Punctuality: Being on time is considered respectful and professional.
  • Religious Sensitivity: Singaporeans are generally tolerant of different religions, but it is important to avoid making insensitive remarks about any faith.

2. National Regulations Related to National Identity

2.1 Racial Harmony and Anti-Discrimination Laws

Singapore has strict laws to maintain racial and religious harmony:

  • Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act (MRHA): Prevents actions that could incite religious enmity.
  • Sedition Act: Criminalizes acts that promote hostility between different races or classes.

2.2 National Service (NS)

National Service is a cornerstone of Singapore’s national identity. All male citizens and second-generation permanent residents (PRs) are required to serve two years in the military, police, or civil defense forces. This fosters a sense of duty and unity among Singaporeans.

3. General Costs and Standard Procedures

3.1 Citizenship and Permanent Residency

For immigrants seeking to integrate into Singaporean society, obtaining Permanent Residency (PR) or citizenship is a significant step.

Permanent Residency (PR)

  • Application Fee: SGD 100 per applicant.
  • Processing Time: 4-6 months.
  • Eligibility: Professionals, spouses of citizens/PRs, and students studying in Singapore.

Citizenship

  • Application Fee: SGD 100 for adults, SGD 15 for children.
  • Processing Time: 6-12 months.
  • Eligibility: PRs who have lived in Singapore for at least 2 years.

3.2 Cost of Living

Singapore is known for its high cost of living. Key expenses include:

  • Housing: Public housing (HDB flats) is more affordable than private housing. Monthly rent for a 3-room HDB flat ranges from SGD 1,500 to SGD 3,000.
  • Food: Meals at hawker centers cost SGD 4-6, while dining at restaurants can cost SGD 20-50 per person.
  • Transport: Public transport is efficient and affordable, with monthly costs averaging SGD 100-150.

4. Country-Specific Considerations

4.1 Strict Laws and Regulations

Singapore is known for its strict laws, which contribute to its safety and orderliness. Visitors and immigrants should be aware of:

  • Littering Fines: SGD 300 for first-time offenders.
  • Smoking Restrictions: Smoking is prohibited in most public areas.
  • Drug Laws: Singapore has a zero-tolerance policy for drug offenses, with severe penalties including the death penalty.

4.2 Integration Programs

The Singapore government offers programs to help immigrants integrate into society:

  • Singapore Citizenship Journey (SCJ): A mandatory program for new citizens to learn about Singapore’s history, culture, and values.
  • Community Integration Fund (CIF): Supports initiatives that promote interaction between locals and immigrants.

4.3 Public Holidays and Celebrations

Singapore’s public holidays reflect its multicultural identity. Key national celebrations include:

  • National Day (9 August): Celebrates Singapore’s independence with parades, fireworks, and performances.
  • Racial Harmony Day (21 July): Promotes understanding and respect among different ethnic groups.

5. Conclusion

Singapore’s national identity is a harmonious blend of multiculturalism, shared values, and a commitment to progress. Visitors and immigrants should embrace the country’s cultural diversity, respect its societal norms, and adhere to its regulations. By understanding and appreciating Singapore’s unique identity, newcomers can integrate more effectively and contribute to the nation’s vibrant community.