1. Overview of Citizenship by Descent in New Zealand

Citizenship by Descent allows children born overseas to automatically acquire New Zealand citizenship if they meet specific criteria. This type of citizenship is not granted automatically at birth but must be applied for and confirmed through a formal process.

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2. Relevant National Regulations

The process for Citizenship by Descent is governed by the Citizenship Act 1977 and its subsequent amendments. Key points include:

• A child born outside New Zealand is eligible for Citizenship by Descent if at least one parent was a New Zealand citizen at the time of the child’s birth.
• The parent must have been a New Zealand citizen by birth or by grant (naturalization). If the parent is a citizen by descent themselves, additional conditions apply (see below).
• Citizenship by Descent does not automatically extend to future generations born outside New Zealand. For example, if you are a citizen by descent, your children born overseas will not automatically qualify unless you take steps to register them and meet residency requirements.

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3. Eligibility Criteria

To qualify for Citizenship by Descent, the following conditions must be met:

• Parent’s Citizenship Status: At least one parent must have been a New Zealand citizen by birth or by grant at the time of the applicant’s birth.
• Proof of Parentage: You must provide evidence of the parent-child relationship, such as a birth certificate showing the names of the parents.
• Age Limit: There is no age limit for applying for Citizenship by Descent, but the process is typically initiated by the parent(s) for minors.

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4. Costs

The costs for Citizenship by Descent applications are as follows (as of October 2023):

• Application Fee: NZD $204.40
• Optional Citizenship Certificate: NZD $204.40 (if you want a formal certificate of citizenship in addition to the confirmation of status).

Fees are subject to change, so it’s advisable to check the official New Zealand Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) website for the most up-to-date information.

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5. Standard Procedures

The process for applying for Citizenship by Descent involves the following steps:

Step 1: Gather Required Documents

You will need:

• A completed application form for Citizenship by Descent (available on the DIA website).
• The applicant’s full birth certificate (showing the names of both parents).
• The New Zealand parent’s birth certificate or proof of citizenship (e.g., citizenship certificate or passport).
• A valid form of identification for the applicant (e.g., passport or national ID).
• Any additional documents requested by the DIA (e.g., marriage certificates if the parent’s name has changed).

Step 2: Submit the Application

• Applications can be submitted online or via post to the Department of Internal Affairs.
• If applying online, you will need to create an account on the RealMe platform (New Zealand’s secure online identity verification system).

Step 3: Pay the Application Fee

• Payment can be made online via credit card or through other accepted payment methods.

Step 4: Wait for Processing

• Processing times vary but typically take 20 working days for standard applications. Delays may occur if additional documentation is required.

Step 5: Receive Confirmation

• If approved, you will receive confirmation of Citizenship by Descent. You can also request a formal citizenship certificate for an additional fee.

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6. Unique Considerations for New Zealand

• Citizenship by Descent vs. Citizenship by Grant: Citizenship by Descent is distinct from Citizenship by Grant (naturalization). If you are a citizen by descent, you cannot pass citizenship to your children born overseas unless you meet specific residency requirements in New Zealand.
• Dual Citizenship: New Zealand allows dual or multiple citizenships. However, you should check the laws of your other country of citizenship to ensure dual citizenship is permitted.
• Passport Application: Once Citizenship by Descent is confirmed, you can apply for a New Zealand passport. This is a separate process and requires additional fees.
• Residency Requirements for Future Generations: If you are a citizen by descent and want your children born overseas to acquire New Zealand citizenship, you must have lived in New Zealand for a minimum of 5 years at some point in your life before their birth.

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7. Additional Notes

• Adopted Children: If the child is adopted, they may still qualify for Citizenship by Descent, but additional documentation (such as adoption papers) will be required.
• Lost Citizenship: If you were previously a New Zealand citizen but renounced or lost your citizenship, your children may not qualify for Citizenship by Descent.
• Historical Records: If you are unsure of your parent’s citizenship status, you can request a search of citizenship records through the DIA.

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8. Where to Apply

Applications for Citizenship by Descent are managed by the Department of Internal Affairs (DIA). You can apply online or contact the DIA for assistance:

• Website: www.dia.govt.nz
• Email: [email protected]
• Phone: +64 4 462 0651 (for international callers) or 0800 22 51 51 (within New Zealand)
• Postal Address: Citizenship Office
  Department of Internal Affairs
  PO Box 10-680
  Wellington 6140
  New Zealand

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9. Summary

Citizenship by Descent is a straightforward process for individuals with a New Zealand citizen parent. The key is to ensure you meet the eligibility criteria, provide the required documentation, and pay the application fee. While the process is relatively simple, it’s important to understand the limitations of Citizenship by Descent, particularly regarding future generations born overseas.

If you have any further questions or need clarification, feel free to ask!