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Citizenship

Guidelines on acquiring South Korean citizenship, including naturalization processes and dual citizenship policies.

Sections

A. Citizenship by Birth

  • South Korea follows a jus sanguinis (right of blood) principle.
  • A child is automatically a South Korean citizen if:
    • At least one parent is a South Korean citizen at the time of the child’s birth.
    • The child is born in South Korea to stateless parents.

B. Citizenship by Marriage

Foreign spouses of South Korean citizens can apply for citizenship if they meet the following conditions:

  • The marriage is legally registered and recognized in South Korea.
  • The applicant has resided in South Korea for at least 2 years after marriage.
  • If the couple has children, the residency requirement may be reduced.
  • The marriage must be genuine and not a sham for immigration purposes.

C. Citizenship by Naturalization

There are three types of naturalization processes:

1. General Naturalization

  • The applicant must have resided in South Korea for at least 5 consecutive years.
  • The applicant must be at least 20 years old and legally competent under South Korean law.
  • The applicant must have a basic understanding of the Korean language, culture, and customs.
  • The applicant must demonstrate financial stability (e.g., employment, savings, or sponsorship).
  • The applicant must not have a criminal record or pose a threat to national security.

2. Simplified Naturalization

  • This applies to individuals with familial ties to South Korea, such as:
    • Former South Korean citizens who lost their nationality.
    • Children of South Korean nationals who were born abroad.
  • The residency requirement is reduced to 3 years.

3. Special Naturalization

  • This applies to individuals who have made significant contributions to South Korea, such as:
    • Highly skilled professionals in science, technology, or culture.
    • Individuals who have rendered exceptional service to the country.
  • Residency requirements may be waived or reduced.

3. Application Procedures

The process of applying for South Korean citizenship involves several steps:

Step 1: Prepare Required Documents

Applicants must gather and submit the following documents:

  • Application form (available at immigration offices or online).
  • Valid passport and alien registration card (ARC).
  • Proof of residency in South Korea (e.g., lease agreement, utility bills).
  • Birth certificate and family relationship certificate (translated and notarized if not in Korean).
  • Proof of financial stability (e.g., bank statements, employment contract).
  • Criminal background check from the applicant’s home country and South Korea.
  • Certificate of Korean language proficiency (if applicable).
  • Marriage certificate (for spousal applications).

Step 2: Submit the Application

  • Applications must be submitted in person at the local Korea Immigration Service (KIS) office.
  • Pay the application fee (see costs below).

Step 3: Attend an Interview

  • Applicants are required to attend an interview to assess their knowledge of Korean language, culture, and history.
  • The interview may include a written test or oral questions.

Step 4: Background Check

  • The government conducts a thorough background check to verify the applicant’s criminal record, financial stability, and compliance with immigration laws.

Step 5: Approval and Oath of Allegiance

  • Once approved, the applicant must take an oath of allegiance to South Korea.
  • The applicant will receive a certificate of naturalization and must surrender their previous nationality (South Korea does not generally allow dual citizenship, with some exceptions).

4. General Costs

The costs associated with applying for South Korean citizenship include:

  • Application Fee: Approximately 300,000 KRW (subject to change).
  • Language Test Fee: If required, the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) costs around 40,000–80,000 KRW depending on the level.
  • Document Translation and Notarization: Costs vary depending on the number of documents and service provider.
  • Criminal Background Check: Fees depend on the issuing country.

5. Country-Specific Considerations

A. Dual Citizenship

  • South Korea generally does not allow dual citizenship.
  • Exceptions include:
    • Individuals who acquire South Korean citizenship through special naturalization.
    • Children born with dual citizenship must choose one nationality by the age of 22.

B. Cultural Integration

  • South Korea places a strong emphasis on cultural assimilation.
  • Applicants are expected to have a basic understanding of Korean language, history, and customs.
  • The government offers free or subsidized Korean language and culture classes through programs like the Social Integration Program (KIIP).

C. Military Service

  • Male naturalized citizens under the age of 36 may be required to complete mandatory military service unless exempted.

D. Renunciation of Previous Citizenship

  • Applicants must renounce their previous nationality within a specified period after acquiring South Korean citizenship.

6. Tips for a Successful Application

  • Learn Korean: Proficiency in the Korean language is crucial for passing the interview and integrating into society.
  • Stay Organized: Ensure all documents are complete, accurate, and submitted on time.
  • Seek Legal Assistance: Consider consulting an immigration lawyer or specialist for complex cases.
  • Participate in Cultural Programs: Enroll in the KIIP to improve your understanding of Korean society and increase your chances of approval.

7. Resources and Contacts

By following this guide, you can better understand the process and requirements for acquiring South Korean citizenship. It is important to stay informed about any changes to the law or procedures, as immigration policies can evolve over time.