Seoul

1. General Cultural Practices and Values

South Korean culture is heavily influenced by Confucian principles, which emphasize respect for hierarchy, family, and community. Here are some key cultural values to keep in mind:

• Hierarchy and Respect: Age and social status play a significant role in interactions. Always show deference to elders and those in positions of authority.
• Collectivism: South Korea values group harmony over individualism. Decisions and actions often consider the well-being of the group.
• Politeness: Politeness is a cornerstone of Korean culture. Bowing is a common way to greet and show respect.
• Work Ethic: Hard work and diligence are highly respected traits.

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2. Dining Etiquette

Dining is an important part of Korean culture, and there are specific customs to follow when eating out or sharing a meal with locals.

Before the Meal

• Seating: The most senior or eldest person typically sits at the head of the table. Wait to be directed to your seat.
• Wait for the Elders: Do not start eating or drinking until the eldest person at the table begins.
• Utensils: Koreans use chopsticks and a spoon. Chopsticks are for solid foods, while the spoon is for soups and rice.

During the Meal

• Serving Others: It is polite to pour drinks for others, especially for elders or superiors. Hold the bottle with two hands when pouring.
• Receiving Drinks: When someone pours you a drink, hold your glass with both hands as a sign of respect.
• Sharing Food: Korean meals are often served family-style, with shared dishes in the center of the table. Use the serving utensils provided, not your personal chopsticks, to take food.
• No Wasting Food: Take only what you can eat, as wasting food is frowned upon.

After the Meal

• Paying the Bill: In many cases, the host or the eldest person pays for the meal. If you are invited, it is polite to offer to pay or at least express gratitude. Splitting the bill is less common but becoming more acceptable among younger people.
• Tipping: Tipping is not customary in South Korea, as service charges are usually included in the bill.

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3. Public Behavior Norms

Seoul is a bustling city, and maintaining proper public behavior is important to avoid offending locals.

In Public Spaces

• Quietness: Koreans value quietness in public spaces. Avoid speaking loudly on public transportation or in crowded areas.
• Queueing: Always stand in line when waiting for public transportation, elevators, or services.
• Personal Space: Seoul can be crowded, but people generally respect personal space. Avoid unnecessary physical contact.
• Trash Disposal: Public trash bins are rare, so carry a small bag for your trash and dispose of it at home or in designated areas.

On Public Transportation

• Priority Seating: Seats marked for the elderly, pregnant women, or disabled individuals should be left vacant unless you qualify to use them.
• Phone Etiquette: Keep your phone on silent mode and avoid making calls while on buses or subways.
• Payment: Use a T-money card for seamless travel on buses, subways, and taxis. Cards can be purchased and recharged at convenience stores or subway stations.

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4. Social Customs

Building relationships and navigating social situations in Seoul requires an understanding of local customs.

Greetings

• Bowing: A slight bow is the standard greeting. For more formal situations, a deeper bow is appropriate.
• Handshakes: Handshakes are common in business settings but are often accompanied by a bow. Use both hands or support your right hand with your left to show respect.

Gift-Giving

• Occasions: Gifts are common for special occasions, such as birthdays, weddings, or holidays. When visiting someone’s home, bring a small gift like fruit, flowers, or a box of snacks.
• Presentation: Wrap gifts neatly, as presentation matters. Avoid using red ink for cards or notes, as it is associated with bad luck.

Business Etiquette

• Exchanging Business Cards: Present and receive business cards with both hands. Take a moment to read the card before putting it away.
• Punctuality: Arriving on time is crucial for business meetings and social gatherings.
• Dress Code: Business attire is formal and conservative. Men typically wear dark suits, while women wear modest, professional clothing.

Social Drinking

• Drinking is a common way to bond in South Korea, especially in business or social settings.
• Pouring Drinks: Always pour drinks for others and never pour your own. If someone pours for you, hold your glass with both hands.
• Declining Alcohol: If you do not drink, politely decline by explaining your reason. It is becoming more acceptable to abstain.

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5. Costs and Practical Considerations

Dining Costs

• Meals at casual restaurants: ₩8,000–₩15,000 ($6–$12 USD)
• Traditional Korean BBQ: ₩20,000–₩40,000 ($15–$30 USD) per person
• Street food: ₩2,000–₩5,000 ($1.50–$4 USD) per item

Transportation Costs

• Subway/bus fare: ₩1,250–₩1,500 ($1–$1.20 USD) per ride with a T-money card
• Taxi base fare: ₩3,800 ($3 USD) for standard taxis

Gift Costs

• Fruit baskets: ₩30,000–₩50,000 ($22–$37 USD)
• Box of snacks or sweets: ₩10,000–₩20,000 ($7–$15 USD)

Language Barrier

• While many younger Koreans speak some English, learning basic Korean phrases (e.g., "안녕하세요" [Annyeonghaseyo] for hello, and "감사합니다" [Gamsahamnida] for thank you) will go a long way in showing respect.

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6. Dos and Don’ts

Dos

• Do bow when greeting or thanking someone.
• Do remove your shoes when entering someone’s home.
• Do use both hands when giving or receiving something.
• Do respect elders and authority figures.

Don’ts

• Don’t point with your finger; use your whole hand to gesture.
• Don’t write someone’s name in red ink.
• Don’t blow your nose at the table; excuse yourself if necessary.
• Don’t stick chopsticks upright in a bowl of rice, as it resembles a funeral ritual.

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7. Adapting to Seoul’s Culture

• Learn the Basics: Familiarize yourself with Korean phrases, customs, and traditions.
• Be Observant: Watch how locals behave in different situations and follow their lead.
• Ask for Help: Koreans are generally friendly and willing to assist foreigners, especially if you make an effort to respect their culture.

By following these guidelines, you’ll not only avoid cultural faux pas but also gain a deeper appreciation for Seoul’s rich traditions and modern lifestyle. Enjoy your time in this dynamic city!