Seoul

1. Types of Extreme Weather in Seoul

a. Monsoon Season (Heavy Rains)

• When: Late June to late July (summer).
• What Happens: Seoul experiences a monsoon season called "jangma," characterized by prolonged heavy rainfall. Flash floods can occur, especially in low-lying areas and near the Han River.
• Impact: Flooding of streets, disruption of public transportation, and potential landslides in hilly areas.

b. Typhoons

• When: August to September (late summer to early autumn).
• What Happens: Typhoons (tropical cyclones) occasionally hit Seoul, bringing strong winds, torrential rain, and the risk of flooding.
• Impact: Damage to infrastructure, power outages, and disruptions to flights and trains.

c. Heatwaves

• When: July to August (peak summer).
• What Happens: Temperatures can soar above 35°C (95°F), accompanied by high humidity. The Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) issues heatwave warnings during these periods.
• Impact: Heat-related illnesses such as heatstroke and dehydration, especially for the elderly, children, and outdoor workers.

d. Cold Waves

• When: December to February (winter).
• What Happens: Seoul experiences freezing temperatures, often dropping below -10°C (14°F). Cold wave warnings are issued when temperatures plummet significantly.
• Impact: Frostbite, hypothermia, and disruptions to transportation due to icy roads.

e. Air Pollution (Yellow Dust and Fine Dust)

• When: Spring (March to May) and occasionally in winter.
• What Happens: Yellow dust from the Gobi Desert and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from industrial pollution can cause hazardous air quality.
• Impact: Respiratory issues, especially for those with pre-existing conditions, children, and the elderly.

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2. Seasonal Patterns and Local Adaptations

Spring (March to May)

• Weather: Mild temperatures but occasional yellow dust storms.
• Adaptations: Locals wear masks and use air purifiers at home. Outdoor activities may be limited on high-pollution days.

Summer (June to August)

• Weather: Hot, humid, and rainy due to monsoons and heatwaves.
• Adaptations: Seoul has excellent drainage systems to manage flooding. Public cooling centers are set up during heatwaves.

Autumn (September to November)

• Weather: Generally mild, but typhoons may occur in early autumn.
• Adaptations: Typhoon warnings are issued, and locals secure outdoor items and avoid unnecessary travel.

Winter (December to February)

• Weather: Cold and dry, with occasional snow and cold waves.
• Adaptations: Seoul has a robust snow-clearing system, and buildings are well-insulated. Locals wear heavy winter clothing, including thermal layers, gloves, and scarves.

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3. Safety Precautions and Emergency Procedures

a. Monsoon and Typhoon Safety

• Precautions:
  • Avoid low-lying areas prone to flooding.
  • Stay indoors during heavy rain or typhoons.
  • Keep an emergency kit with water, non-perishable food, a flashlight, and a battery-powered radio.
• Emergency Procedures:
  • Follow updates from the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA) via their website or mobile app.
  • Dial 119 for emergency assistance or 1339 for medical emergencies.

b. Heatwave Safety

• Precautions:
  • Stay hydrated and avoid outdoor activities during peak heat hours (12 PM to 4 PM).
  • Use public cooling centers (e.g., libraries, community centers).
  • Wear light, breathable clothing and sunscreen.
• Emergency Procedures:
  • If you or someone else shows signs of heatstroke (e.g., confusion, fainting), call 119 immediately.

c. Cold Wave Safety

• Precautions:
  • Dress in layers and cover extremities to prevent frostbite.
  • Avoid prolonged exposure to the cold.
  • Use heating systems efficiently but safely to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning.
• Emergency Procedures:
  • In case of frostbite or hypothermia, seek medical attention immediately by calling 119.

d. Air Pollution Safety

• Precautions:
  • Check air quality levels daily using apps like AirVisual or the KMA website.
  • Wear certified masks (e.g., KF94) on high-pollution days.
  • Use air purifiers indoors and keep windows closed.
• Emergency Procedures:
  • If you experience respiratory distress, visit a hospital or call 119.

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4. Associated Costs for Preparation or Protection

• Rain Gear: High-quality umbrellas and waterproof shoes are essential during the monsoon season. Expect to spend around 20,000–50,000 KRW ($15–$40 USD).
• Air Purifiers: A good air purifier for home use costs between 200,000–500,000 KRW ($150–$400 USD).
• Masks: KF94 masks cost about 1,000–2,000 KRW ($0.75–$1.50 USD) each.
• Winter Clothing: Thermal wear, heavy coats, and accessories can cost 100,000–300,000 KRW ($75–$225 USD) depending on quality.
• Cooling Solutions: Portable fans or air conditioners for summer heat can range from 50,000–500,000 KRW ($40–$400 USD).

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5. Considerations for Local Sites During Extreme Weather

• Monsoon/Typhoon: Avoid outdoor attractions like Namsan Seoul Tower or Han River parks. Indoor attractions such as museums and shopping malls are safer options.
• Heatwaves: Visit air-conditioned sites like COEX Mall, Lotte World, or the National Museum of Korea.
• Cold Waves: Outdoor sites like Gyeongbokgung Palace may still be accessible but require warm clothing. Indoor attractions are more comfortable.
• Air Pollution: Limit visits to outdoor sites like Bukchon Hanok Village or Bukhansan National Park. Opt for indoor activities instead.

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6. Additional Resources

• Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA): Provides real-time weather updates and warnings. Website: www.kma.go.kr
• Emergency Numbers:
  • 119: Fire, ambulance, and rescue services.
  • 1330: Tourist information hotline (available in multiple languages).
• Apps to Download:
  • "Emergency Ready App" by the Korean government for disaster preparedness.
  • "AirVisual" for air quality monitoring.

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By understanding these weather patterns and taking the necessary precautions, you can navigate Seoul safely and enjoy your time in the city, regardless of the season.