Global Major Cities Guide

An explanation of major holidays and observances in South Korea, and how they impact daily life in Seoul.

Sections

Comprehensive Guide to Holidays and Observances in Seoul, South Korea

Seoul, the vibrant capital of South Korea, is a city where modernity and tradition coexist harmoniously. The city celebrates a variety of public holidays and traditional festivals that reflect its rich cultural heritage. For visitors and immigrants, understanding these holidays and observances is key to appreciating Korean culture and participating respectfully.

1. Public Holidays in Seoul

South Korea observes 15 public holidays annually, many of which are deeply rooted in Confucian, Buddhist, and Shamanistic traditions. Below is a list of major public holidays celebrated in Seoul:

a. New Year’s Day (January 1)

What to Expect: A quiet day as many businesses close. Families often spend time together, and some visit temples for blessings.
Cultural Practice: Visiting the Bosingak Bell Pavilion in Jongno to witness the ceremonial ringing of the bell at midnight on New Year’s Eve.
Visitor Tip: Public transportation may operate on a reduced schedule. Dress warmly if attending outdoor events.

b. Seollal (Lunar New Year)

Date: Varies (usually late January or early February).
Significance: One of Korea’s most important holidays, Seollal marks the Lunar New Year. Families gather to perform ancestral rites (charye), eat traditional foods like tteokguk (rice cake soup), and play folk games.
Cultural Practice: Koreans wear hanbok (traditional clothing) and bow to elders in a custom called sebae, receiving blessings and money in return.
Where to Go:
- Namsangol Hanok Village: Offers cultural programs like folk games and traditional performances.
- Korean Folk Village (outside Seoul): Hosts reenactments of Seollal customs.
Costs: Free to low-cost entry for cultural sites (₩5,000–₩15,000).
Visitor Tip: Many businesses close during Seollal, so plan ahead. Participate in cultural programs to experience the holiday respectfully.

c. Independence Movement Day (March 1)

Significance: Commemorates the 1919 March 1st Movement against Japanese colonial rule.
Where to Go:
- Seodaemun Prison History Hall: A historical site where visitors can learn about Korea’s independence struggle.
- Tapgol Park: The starting point of the movement.
Visitor Tip: This is a solemn day. Avoid loud or celebratory behavior near commemorative events.

d. Buddha’s Birthday (8th day of the 4th lunar month)

Date: Varies (usually in May).
Significance: A major Buddhist holiday celebrating the birth of Buddha.
Cultural Practice: Temples are decorated with colorful lanterns, and visitors can participate in ceremonies and enjoy free temple meals.
Where to Go:
- Jogyesa Temple: The heart of Buddhist celebrations in Seoul.
- Bongeunsa Temple: Known for its serene atmosphere and lantern displays.
Costs: Free entry to temples; donations are appreciated.
Visitor Tip: Dress modestly and follow temple etiquette (e.g., remove shoes, avoid loud conversations).

e. Chuseok (Korean Harvest Festival)

Date: Varies (15th day of the 8th lunar month, usually September or October).
Significance: A time for families to honor ancestors, share food, and celebrate the harvest.
Cultural Practice: Families perform ancestral rites, visit graves, and prepare traditional foods like songpyeon (rice cakes).
Where to Go:
- Namsangol Hanok Village: Offers Chuseok-themed activities like hanbok wearing and folk games.
- Korean Folk Village: Hosts traditional performances and rituals.
Costs: Free to low-cost entry for cultural sites (₩5,000–₩15,000).
Visitor Tip: Many businesses close during Chuseok. Respect the solemnity of ancestral rites if invited to participate.

f. National Foundation Day (October 3)

Significance: Celebrates the founding of Korea by the legendary Dangun.
Where to Go:
- Namsan Seoul Tower: Offers panoramic views and is a popular spot for celebrations.
- Gwanghwamun Square: Often hosts cultural events.
Visitor Tip: This is a patriotic day, so expect flag displays and public ceremonies.

g. Christmas (December 25)

Significance: While not a traditional Korean holiday, Christmas is widely celebrated, especially in Seoul.
Cultural Practice: Churches hold services, and streets are decorated with lights. It’s also a romantic holiday for couples.
Where to Go:
- Myeongdong Cathedral: Hosts midnight mass and is beautifully lit.
- Lotte World and Everland: Offer festive events and decorations.
Costs: Free for church services; theme park tickets range from ₩40,000–₩60,000.
Visitor Tip: Book restaurants and accommodations early, as Christmas is a busy time.

2. Traditional Festivals in Seoul

In addition to public holidays, Seoul hosts numerous traditional festivals that showcase Korean culture:

a. Seoul Lantern Festival

Date: November (first two weeks).
Where: Cheonggyecheon Stream.
What to Expect: Stunning lantern displays depicting Korean history, culture, and folklore.
Costs: Free.
Visitor Tip: Visit in the evening for the best views. Dress warmly as it can get chilly.

b. Lotus Lantern Festival

Date: May (around Buddha’s Birthday).
Where: Jogyesa Temple and surrounding streets.
What to Expect: A parade of lanterns, cultural performances, and hands-on activities like lantern-making.
Costs: Free.
Visitor Tip: Arrive early to secure a good spot for the parade.

Date: November.
Where: Seoul Plaza.
What to Expect: Learn to make kimchi, Korea’s iconic fermented dish, and participate in charitable activities.
Costs: Free to participate; donations are encouraged.
Visitor Tip: Register online in advance to secure a spot.

d. Gwanghwamun Ice Lantern Festival

Date: December–January.
Where: Gwanghwamun Square.
What to Expect: Ice sculptures, light displays, and winter-themed activities.
Costs: Free.
Visitor Tip: Wear warm clothing and enjoy hot street food nearby.

3. Practical Tips for Participation

Respect Local Customs: Bowing is a common greeting. Avoid interrupting rituals or ceremonies, and follow the lead of locals.
Dress Appropriately: Modest clothing is recommended, especially when visiting temples or participating in traditional events.
Learn Basic Korean Phrases: Simple phrases like “Annyeonghaseyo” (Hello) and “Gamsahamnida” (Thank you) go a long way.
Plan Ahead: Many holidays see closures of businesses and government offices. Stock up on essentials and check transportation schedules.
Be Mindful of Photography: Always ask for permission before taking photos of people, especially during religious or family ceremonies.

4. Costs and Budgeting

Cultural Sites: ₩5,000–₩15,000 for entry.
Food: Traditional meals during festivals range from ₩10,000–₩30,000.
Transportation: Subway and buses operate at ₩1,250–₩1,350 per ride.
Souvenirs: Lanterns, hanbok rentals, and traditional crafts cost ₩10,000–₩50,000.

Seoul’s holidays and festivals offer a unique window into Korean culture. By participating respectfully and immersing yourself in these traditions, you’ll gain a deeper appreciation for the city’s rich heritage.

Seoul

Holidays and Observances