Seoul

Overview of Precipitation in Seoul

Seoul receives an average annual rainfall of approximately 1,200 to 1,500 millimeters (47 to 59 inches). The majority of this precipitation occurs during the summer months, particularly in the monsoon season, known locally as "jangma" (장마). Rainfall is unevenly distributed throughout the year, with significant seasonal variations.

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Seasonal Precipitation Patterns

1. Spring (March to May):

   • Precipitation Levels: Spring is relatively dry, with occasional light rain showers. March and April are among the driest months of the year.
   • Weather Characteristics: The weather is generally mild, with increasing temperatures as the season progresses. Dust storms from the Gobi Desert (known as "yellow dust") can occasionally affect air quality in late spring.
   • Practical Considerations: Outdoor activities like visiting parks (e.g., Yeouido for cherry blossoms) are popular, but it’s wise to check air quality forecasts during yellow dust events.

2. Summer (June to August):

   • Precipitation Levels: Summer is the wettest season, with 60-70% of the annual rainfall occurring during this period. The monsoon season (jangma) typically lasts from late June to late July.
   • Weather Characteristics: Expect heavy, frequent rain showers, high humidity, and warm temperatures (average highs of 25–30°C or 77–86°F). Sudden downpours are common, and thunderstorms may occur.
   • Practical Considerations:
     • Transportation: Heavy rains can lead to localized flooding, especially in low-lying areas. Public transportation (subways and buses) is generally reliable, but delays may occur.
     • Activities: Outdoor plans may need to be flexible. Carrying an umbrella or raincoat is essential, and waterproof footwear is recommended.
     • Cultural Practices: Many locals use compact umbrellas, which are widely available in convenience stores. Seasonal foods like patbingsu (shaved ice dessert) are popular to beat the heat and humidity.

3. Autumn (September to November):

   • Precipitation Levels: Rainfall decreases significantly after the summer, making autumn one of the driest and most pleasant seasons. September may still see some residual rain from typhoons.
   • Weather Characteristics: Clear skies, crisp air, and mild temperatures (average highs of 15–25°C or 59–77°F) dominate. Typhoons occasionally bring heavy rain and strong winds in early autumn.
   • Practical Considerations: This is an ideal time for outdoor activities like hiking in Bukhansan National Park or exploring Seoul’s palaces. Be cautious of typhoon warnings in September.

4. Winter (December to February):

   • Precipitation Levels: Winter is the driest season, with minimal rainfall or snowfall. Snowfall is infrequent but can occur, with an average of 25–30 cm (10–12 inches) of snow annually.
   • Weather Characteristics: Cold and dry conditions prevail, with average temperatures often below freezing. Snowfall is typically light and does not linger long on the ground.
   • Practical Considerations:
     • Transportation: Snow rarely disrupts public transportation, but icy sidewalks can be slippery. Wear appropriate footwear.
     • Activities: Winter festivals and ice skating rinks are popular. Locals often enjoy hot street foods like hotteok (sweet pancakes) and odeng (fish cake skewers).

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Unique Weather Concerns Related to Precipitation

1. Monsoon Season (Jangma):

   • The monsoon season can bring prolonged periods of rain, sometimes lasting for days. While the rain is not constant, it can be heavy and accompanied by strong winds.
   • Flooding in certain areas, such as near the Han River or in older neighborhoods, can occur during intense downpours. The city has robust drainage systems, but travelers should monitor weather updates.

2. Typhoons:

   • Typhoons occasionally affect Seoul, particularly in late summer and early autumn (August to September). These storms can bring heavy rain and strong winds, though their impact is usually less severe than in southern parts of Korea.
   • Local authorities issue warnings and advisories, so it’s important to stay informed through weather apps or local news.

3. Yellow Dust (Spring):

   • While not directly related to precipitation, yellow dust can reduce visibility and air quality in spring. Rainfall during this period can help clear the air temporarily.

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Practical Tips for Visitors and Residents

1. Clothing and Gear:

   • Summer: Lightweight, breathable clothing is essential, along with a compact umbrella or raincoat. Waterproof shoes or sandals are helpful during heavy rains.
   • Winter: Layered clothing, a warm coat, and sturdy footwear are necessary for cold, dry conditions and occasional snow.
   • Year-Round: Always check the weather forecast before heading out, as conditions can change quickly.

2. Transportation:

   • Seoul’s public transportation system (subways and buses) is highly efficient and operates reliably even during heavy rain. Taxis are also widely available but may be harder to find during storms.
   • Be cautious of slippery surfaces in subway stations and on sidewalks during rainy or snowy weather.

3. Cultural Practices:

   • During the rainy season, many locals carry umbrellas at all times. Convenience stores sell affordable umbrellas, often displayed prominently near the entrance.
   • In winter, snow-clearing efforts are swift, and salt is spread on sidewalks to prevent ice buildup.

4. Weather Apps and Resources:

   • Use weather apps like Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) or global apps like AccuWeather to stay updated on precipitation forecasts and severe weather alerts.

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Conclusion

Seoul’s precipitation patterns are highly seasonal, with the wettest months in summer and the driest in winter. Visitors and residents should prepare for heavy rains during the monsoon season and occasional typhoons in late summer, while enjoying the dry, pleasant conditions of spring and autumn. By staying informed and adapting to local practices, you can navigate Seoul’s weather with ease and make the most of your time in this vibrant city.