Bilbao

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Local Traditions and Customs

Sections

1. Festivals and Celebrations

Bilbao hosts a variety of festivals throughout the year, many of which are tied to Basque culture and traditions. These events are excellent opportunities for visitors and immigrants to immerse themselves in the local way of life.

Aste Nagusia (The Great Week)

  • What It Is: Aste Nagusia is Bilbao’s largest and most famous festival, held annually in late August. It lasts for nine days and features concerts, parades, traditional Basque sports (like stone lifting and wood chopping), fireworks, and street performances.
  • Historical Context: Established in 1978, Aste Nagusia celebrates Basque culture and identity. The festival is symbolized by "Marijaia," a cheerful female figure who represents joy and festivity.
  • How to Participate: Visitors can enjoy free concerts, watch traditional sports, and sample local food at the "txosnas" (temporary bars and food stalls set up by local groups). Many events are free, but food and drinks at the txosnas typically cost €2–€5 per item.
  • Local Site Considerations: The festival takes place in various locations across the city, including the Casco Viejo (Old Town) and the Abandoibarra area. Expect large crowds, so plan transportation and accommodations in advance.

Santo Tomás Fair

  • What It Is: Held on December 21, this traditional fair marks the start of the Christmas season. It features a large farmers' market, traditional Basque music, and food stalls.
  • Historical Context: The fair dates back to the 19th century when rural farmers would come to Bilbao to sell their goods before the holidays.
  • How to Participate: Visitors can sample Basque delicacies like "talo con chorizo" (a corn flatbread with sausage) for around €3–€5. The fair is free to attend.
  • Local Site Considerations: The main fairgrounds are in the Plaza Nueva and the nearby Ribera Market. Wear comfortable shoes and bring cash, as many vendors do not accept cards.

Carnival (Bilboko Inauteriak)

  • What It Is: Bilbao’s Carnival is a lively celebration held in February, featuring parades, costume contests, and street parties.
  • Historical Context: Carnival has been celebrated in Bilbao for centuries, though it was suppressed during the Franco era and revived in the late 20th century.
  • How to Participate: Dress up in a costume to join the fun, or simply enjoy the parades and performances. Most events are free, but food and drinks are extra.
  • Local Site Considerations: Events are concentrated in the Casco Viejo and Gran Vía areas. Public transportation is recommended due to road closures.

2. Etiquette and Social Norms

Understanding local etiquette is essential for integrating into Bilbao’s social life.

Greetings

  • Custom: People in Bilbao greet each other with a handshake or, among friends and family, a kiss on both cheeks (starting with the right cheek). In formal settings, a handshake is preferred.
  • Tip: Use "Kaixo" (hello in Basque) or "Hola" (hello in Spanish) when greeting someone. Learning a few Basque phrases is appreciated, as it shows respect for the local culture.

Dining Etiquette

  • Custom: Meals are a social affair, and it’s common to linger at the table after eating. This practice is called "sobremesa."
  • Tip: When dining out, wait for the host or elder to start eating. Tipping is not mandatory but appreciated; rounding up the bill or leaving 5–10% is customary.

Punctuality

  • Custom: While punctuality is valued for formal meetings, social gatherings are more relaxed, and arriving 10–15 minutes late is acceptable.
  • Tip: If you’re running late, a quick text or call is polite.

Public Behavior

  • Custom: People in Bilbao are generally friendly but reserved with strangers. Loud or overly boisterous behavior in public is frowned upon.
  • Tip: Respect personal space and avoid discussing sensitive topics like politics or religion unless you know the person well.

3. Food Traditions

Bilbao is a gastronomic paradise, with a strong emphasis on fresh, local ingredients and traditional Basque recipes.

Pintxos Culture

  • What It Is: Pintxos are small, flavorful snacks typically served on a slice of bread and held together with a toothpick. They are a cornerstone of Bilbao’s culinary scene.
  • How to Participate: Visit a bar, order a drink (like txakoli, a local white wine), and select pintxos from the counter. Each pintxo costs €1.50–€3. It’s common to visit multiple bars in one evening, a practice known as "pintxo-pote."
  • Local Site Considerations: Popular areas for pintxos include the Casco Viejo and Plaza Nueva. Bars can get crowded, especially on weekends.

Basque Cider Houses

  • What It Is: Traditional cider houses (sagardotegiak) serve cider straight from the barrel, accompanied by a set menu of cod omelet, grilled steak, and cheese with quince paste.
  • How to Participate: Reservations are recommended, especially during cider season (January–April). Meals cost around €30–€40 per person.
  • Local Site Considerations: Many cider houses are located outside Bilbao, so a car or organized tour may be necessary.

Basque Cheesecake

  • What It Is: Known as "tarta de queso," this creamy, slightly burnt cheesecake originated in the Basque Country and is a must-try dessert.
  • Where to Try: La Viña in San Sebastián is famous for it, but many Bilbao restaurants also serve excellent versions. A slice costs around €5–€7.

4. Social Life and Community

Bilbao’s social life revolves around family, friends, and community events.

Txokos (Gastronomic Societies)

  • What They Are: Txokos are private clubs where members gather to cook, eat, and socialize. They are a cherished Basque tradition.
  • How to Participate: Txokos are typically invitation-only, but some cultural tours offer access to these societies for a fee.

Sports and Athletic Culture

  • What It Is: Athletic Club Bilbao, the city’s football team, is a source of immense pride. The team only recruits players with Basque heritage, emphasizing local identity.
  • How to Participate: Attend a match at San Mamés Stadium. Tickets range from €20–€100, depending on the game and seating.

Outdoor Activities

  • What It Is: Bilbao’s residents love spending time outdoors, whether hiking in the nearby mountains or strolling along the Nervión River.
  • How to Participate: Join locals at Mount Artxanda for panoramic views or explore the Doña Casilda Park. Most outdoor activities are free.

5. Practical Tips for Visitors and Immigrants

  • Language: While Spanish is widely spoken, Basque (Euskara) is also an official language. Learning a few Basque phrases, like "Eskerrik asko" (thank you), is appreciated.
  • Transportation: Bilbao has an efficient metro, tram, and bus system. A Barik card (€3 deposit) offers discounted fares.
  • Cultural Sensitivity: The Basque Country has a distinct identity and history. Avoid conflating Basque culture with broader Spanish culture, as locals take pride in their heritage.

By understanding and participating in Bilbao’s traditions and customs, visitors and immigrants can gain a deeper appreciation for the city’s unique culture and build meaningful connections with its residents.