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Naturalisation

The process by which a non-British national can apply to become a British citizen, typically requiring residency and meeting specific criteria.

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Comprehensive Guide to Naturalisation in the United Kingdom

Naturalisation is the legal process by which a non-British citizen can become a British citizen. It is one of the most common ways for adults to acquire British citizenship, typically after living in the UK for a qualifying period. Below is a detailed guide covering all aspects of the naturalisation process, including eligibility criteria, costs, procedures, and important considerations.

1. Eligibility Criteria for Naturalisation

To apply for naturalisation as a British citizen, you must meet specific eligibility requirements. These vary slightly depending on whether you are applying as the spouse or civil partner of a British citizen or as an individual. Below are the key criteria:

A. General Eligibility (Non-Spouse Applications)

You must meet the following conditions:

  1. Age: Be at least 18 years old.
  2. Residency Requirements:
    • Have lived in the UK for at least 5 years before the date of your application.
    • Have been physically present in the UK exactly 5 years before the application date.
    • Not have spent more than:
      • 450 days outside the UK during the 5-year period.
      • 90 days outside the UK in the 12 months before applying.
  3. Immigration Status:
    • Hold Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR), Settled Status under the EU Settlement Scheme, or Permanent Residence for at least 12 months before applying (unless married to a British citizen, in which case this 12-month waiting period is waived).
  4. Good Character:
    • Have no serious or recent criminal convictions.
    • Not have breached UK immigration laws in the past 10 years.
  5. English Language Proficiency:
    • Pass an approved English language test (unless exempt, e.g., due to being from an English-speaking country or having a degree taught in English).
  6. Life in the UK Test:
    • Pass the Life in the UK Test, which assesses your knowledge of British history, culture, and values.
  7. Intention to Reside:
    • Intend to live in the UK, work abroad for the UK government, or serve in the armed forces.

B. Spouse or Civil Partner of a British Citizen

If you are married to or in a civil partnership with a British citizen, the requirements are slightly different:

  1. Residency Requirements:
    • Have lived in the UK for at least 3 years before the date of your application.
    • Have been physically present in the UK exactly 3 years before the application date.
    • Not have spent more than:
      • 270 days outside the UK during the 3-year period.
      • 90 days outside the UK in the 12 months before applying.
  2. Immigration Status:
    • Hold Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR), Settled Status, or Permanent Residence at the time of application (no 12-month waiting period required).

2. Costs of Naturalisation

Naturalisation as a British citizen involves several costs. As of October 2023, the fees are as follows:

  1. Application Fee: £1,330 (non-refundable, even if the application is refused).
  2. Biometric Enrolment Fee: £19.20 (for providing fingerprints and a photo).
  3. Life in the UK Test Fee: £50 (if not already passed).
  4. English Language Test Fee: £150-£200 (varies depending on the test provider).
  5. Additional Costs (optional):
    • Document Translation: If required, costs vary depending on the service provider.
    • Legal Advice: Fees for immigration solicitors or advisors vary widely.

3. Standard Procedure for Naturalisation

The naturalisation process involves several steps. Below is a step-by-step guide:

Step 1: Check Eligibility

  • Review the eligibility criteria to ensure you meet all requirements.
  • Gather evidence of your residency, immigration status, and other supporting documents.

Step 2: Pass Required Tests

  • Life in the UK Test: Book and pass the test at an approved test centre. You will need your unique reference number for the application.
  • English Language Test: If required, take an approved test (e.g., IELTS for UKVI) and obtain the certificate.

Step 3: Prepare Your Documents

You will need to provide:

  1. Proof of Identity:
    • Passport or travel document.
    • Biometric Residence Permit (if applicable).
  2. Proof of Residency:
    • P60s, payslips, or letters from employers.
    • Council tax bills or utility bills.
  3. Proof of Immigration Status:
    • ILR, Settled Status, or Permanent Residence documentation.
  4. Life in the UK Test Pass Certificate.
  5. English Language Test Certificate (if applicable).
  6. Referees:
    • Two referees must sign your application. One must be a British citizen aged 25 or older, and neither can be a relative or someone with a criminal record.

Step 4: Submit Your Application

  • Complete the application online via the UK Government website: Apply for British Citizenship.
  • Pay the application fee and biometric enrolment fee.
  • Book an appointment at a UK Visa and Citizenship Application Services (UKVCAS) centre to provide your biometric information.

Step 5: Attend the Biometric Appointment

  • Attend your UKVCAS appointment to provide fingerprints, a photograph, and any additional documents.

Step 6: Wait for a Decision

  • The Home Office typically takes 6 months to process naturalisation applications, though delays can occur.
  • You will receive a letter or email with the decision.

Step 7: Attend a Citizenship Ceremony

  • If your application is approved, you will be invited to attend a citizenship ceremony at your local council.
  • The ceremony costs £80 and involves swearing an oath of allegiance to the King and pledging loyalty to the UK.
  • You will receive your Certificate of Naturalisation at the ceremony.

4. Important Considerations

A. Dual Citizenship

  • The UK allows dual citizenship, meaning you can retain your original nationality while becoming a British citizen. However, check with your home country, as some nations do not permit dual citizenship.

B. Impact on Children

  • If you are granted British citizenship, your children under 18 may also be eligible to register as British citizens. This is a separate process with its own fees.

C. Tax Implications

  • Becoming a British citizen may have tax implications, especially if you have income or assets abroad. Seek advice from a tax professional if necessary.

D. Application Refusals

  • If your application is refused, you will not receive a refund of the application fee. You can reapply or challenge the decision through a judicial review, but this can be costly and time-consuming.

5. Useful Resources

By following this guide, you can navigate the naturalisation process in the UK with confidence. Ensure you meet all requirements, prepare your documents carefully, and allow sufficient time for processing.