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Rights and Responsibilities

An outline of the rights and duties of U.S. citizens, including voting and jury service.

Sections

Rights of U.S. Citizens

As a U.S. citizen, you are granted specific rights under the U.S. Constitution and federal law. These rights are fundamental to participating fully in American society and include the following:

1. Fundamental Rights

  • Freedom of Speech, Religion, and Press: Protected under the First Amendment, citizens have the right to express their opinions, practice any religion (or none), and access a free press.
  • Right to Vote: Citizens aged 18 and older have the right to vote in federal, state, and local elections.
  • Right to Run for Public Office: Only U.S. citizens can run for federal office (e.g., Congress, President) and most state and local offices.
  • Right to a Fair Trial: Citizens are entitled to due process and equal protection under the law.
  • Right to Apply for Federal Employment: Many government jobs are open only to U.S. citizens.
  • Right to Travel with a U.S. Passport: Citizens can obtain a U.S. passport, which provides access to consular protection abroad and visa-free travel to many countries.
  • Right to Petition the Government: Citizens can advocate for changes in laws or policies through petitions, protests, or lobbying.

2. Protection from Deportation

  • U.S. citizens cannot be deported or lose their citizenship unless it is proven that they obtained it fraudulently.

3. Access to Federal Benefits

  • Citizens may qualify for federal benefits such as Social Security, Medicare, and financial aid for education.

Responsibilities of U.S. Citizens

With these rights come important responsibilities. U.S. citizens are expected to contribute to the country’s democratic system and uphold its laws and values.

1. Obeying the Law

  • All citizens must follow federal, state, and local laws. This includes paying taxes, adhering to traffic laws, and respecting the rights of others.

2. Voting in Elections

  • While voting is not mandatory, it is a civic duty and a cornerstone of democracy. Citizens are encouraged to participate in elections to have their voices heard.

3. Serving on a Jury

  • Citizens may be called to serve on a jury, which is a critical part of the judicial system. Jury duty ensures that trials are fair and impartial.

4. Defending the Country

  • Male citizens (and male permanent residents) aged 18–25 are required to register with the Selective Service System in case of a military draft. While the U.S. has an all-volunteer military, this registration is mandatory.

5. Paying Taxes

  • Citizens are required to file federal, state, and local taxes annually. This includes income taxes, property taxes, and other applicable taxes.

6. Supporting and Respecting the Constitution

  • Citizens are expected to uphold the principles of the U.S. Constitution and respect the rights and freedoms of others.

7. Community Involvement

  • While not legally required, active participation in the community (e.g., volunteering, attending town hall meetings) is encouraged to strengthen civic life.

National Regulations Related to Citizenship

The rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizens are governed by the U.S. Constitution, federal laws, and state laws. Key regulations include:

  • 14th Amendment: Defines citizenship and guarantees equal protection under the law.
  • Immigration and Nationality Act (INA): Governs the process of naturalization and the rights of citizens.
  • Selective Service Act: Requires male citizens to register for potential military service.

Costs Associated with Citizenship

While there are no ongoing costs to maintain citizenship, there are fees associated with the naturalization process:

  • Application for Naturalization (Form N-400): $640 (as of 2023), plus an $85 biometric services fee, for a total of $725.
  • U.S. Passport:
    • First-time applicants: $130 for the passport book, plus a $35 execution fee.
    • Passport card (optional): $30.
  • Oath Ceremony Costs: There is no fee for the oath ceremony, but travel expenses may apply.

Standard Procedures for Fulfilling Citizenship Responsibilities

To fully exercise your rights and responsibilities as a U.S. citizen, follow these steps:

1. Register to Vote

  • You can register online, by mail, or in person at your local election office. Deadlines vary by state.

2. Obtain a U.S. Passport

  • Apply for a passport at a U.S. Post Office or passport agency. You’ll need proof of citizenship (e.g., naturalization certificate) and identification.

3. File Taxes

  • Use IRS Form 1040 to file your federal income tax return annually by April 15. State tax deadlines vary.

4. Register for Selective Service

  • If you are a male citizen aged 18–25, register online at www.sss.gov or at a U.S. Post Office.

5. Serve on a Jury

  • Respond promptly to jury duty summons. Failure to appear can result in fines or other penalties.

Cultural Considerations

  • Patriotism: Many Americans take pride in their citizenship and display patriotism through activities like celebrating Independence Day (July 4th) and flying the U.S. flag.
  • Diversity: The U.S. is a multicultural society, and citizens are encouraged to respect and celebrate diversity.
  • Civic Engagement: Active participation in community and political life is highly valued. This includes volunteering, attending public meetings, and advocating for causes.
  • Freedom of Expression: While citizens have the right to express their opinions, it is important to do so respectfully and within the bounds of the law.

Additional Resources

By understanding and fulfilling your rights and responsibilities as a U.S. citizen, you contribute to the strength and vitality of the nation. If you have further questions or need assistance with specific processes, feel free to ask!